University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences

The Alarming Rise of Type 2 Diabetes in Iran / Lifestyle modification is the key to preventing this silent disease

On the occasion of National Diabetes Week, Dr. Farahnaz Mohammadi, a faculty member at the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, warned about the significant increase in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in the country. Based on the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis from 2024, about 10–15% of Iranian adults have Type 2 diabetes, and in Tehran, this figure has exceeded 15%. She emphasized that lifestyle changes, healthy eating, and increased physical activity could reduce the likelihood of developing the disease by up to 58%.

According to a report by the university correspondent, Dr. Farahnaz Mohammadi wrote in a note for National Diabetes Week: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world, which has increased markedly in recent years in Iran. According to the systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2024, the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes among the adult population in the country is reported to be 10–15%. In some provinces, including Tehran, it reaches over 15%. This is while the global average prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in adults is about 9–10%.

She added: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that arises from decreased insulin secretion or inadequate insulin function in the body. It's type 1, which is mostly seen in children and adolescents, has a genetic and autoimmune basis. However, the much more common type today usually results from an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. If not controlled, this disease can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, blindness, and nerve damage.

Healthy lifestyle: the frontline of diabetes prevention

She stated: Studies show that small changes in daily life can prevent diabetes or reduce the need for medications. A Western diet going which includes red meat, processed foods, and sugary beverages, increases the risk of developing diabetes, while a healthy diet including vegetables, fruits, legumes, and fish plays a protective role.

She continued: It is better to include non-starchy vegetables and low-sugar fruits such as apples, kiwifruit, pears, peaches, and strawberries in the diet. Also, choosing whole grains like oats and whole-grain bread instead of refined grains, and using low-fat proteins such as skinless chicken breast, fish, eggs, and legumes is very effective. Saturated and trans fats should be limited as much as possible, and healthier fats like olive oil and nuts should be used.

Movement, adequate water intake, and regular sleep; three essential steps for prevention

A university faculty member said: Regular physical activity is among the most essential factors in controlling diabetes. At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week—such as brisk walking or cycling—helps regulate blood sugar and significantly reduces the risk of developing diabetes.

She added: Research shows that even 30 minutes of daily activity and losing about 5 to 7 percent of body weight can reduce the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes by up to 58%. In addition to physical activity, drinking enough water, avoiding sugary drinks, managing stress, and getting sufficient nighttime sleep play a vital role in maintaining the body's metabolic health.

Dr. Mohammadi concluded: Type 2 diabetes is a silent but preventable disease, and awareness, education, and reforming dietary behaviors in the community can lessen its heavy burden. Every small step toward a healthier lifestyle is a big move toward a diabetes-free future.